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Cooking energy Efficiency in Indonesia

Boiling Point
Front cover of Boiling Point issue 34
Issue 34 (1994) Smoke Removal
ArticleCooking energy Efficiency in Indonesia
AuthorAdhong Ramadhan, Jennifer McAvoy


Extract from an article entitled 'Ceramic Stoves in Lombok', pubiished in GLOW Volume 11, March 1994. CLOW is a publication of the, Asia Regional Cookstove Programme.

Several areas of Indonesia experience shortages of fuelwood. In some places, they can even be called severe shortages as illustrated in the consumption of fuelwood at a much higher level, and out of balance, with the growth of trees for fuelwood. One way to stem. the rate of fuelwood consumption is to enable widespread dissemination of fuel-efficient cookstoves, a familiar reason for the development of improved cookstove programmes. In 1993, when Dian Desa's Stove Enterprise Development Programme (PUPT) started to promote commercial distribution of improved stoves through local market networks, it saw this as an opportunity to promote concern for energy issues through simple, local technologies. Because of the decreasing oil resources, on which Indonesia is dependent for much of its energy, particularly for industry, the Indonesian Government is launching a programme to shift from oil to coal briquettes. Coal briquettes, when introduced, will require a very special type of stove design to minimize harmful effects and maximize energy output.

Table 1: Coal briquette use in Indonesia: Government projections
Rural Households (% of fuel used)
1998-9 30
2004-5 75
Small-Scale Industry (% of fuel used)
1998-9 30
2004-5 75

While the Government has set the targets listed in Table 1, there are many regions of the country where the concept of fuel efficiency is understood to mean a shift from using wood to another form of fuel, such as kerosene. There is little or no understanding that the currently used form of fuel can be utilized more efficiently, and supplies maintained. Stoves developed locally are not designed for energy efficiency. Indeed, there is little realization that stoves can be improved and that alternative energy-efficient technologies do exist. If a community were targeted by the Indonesian Government as future users of coal briquettes and specialized coal stoves, it is more than likely that the introduction of coal would have little effect because of a lack of familiarity with fuel efficiency. The stove marketing programme (PUPT) was developed to prepare for the introduction of this concept by addressing the following goals:
  • the introduction to the local potters of the concept of alternative stove designs.
  • the introduction of an alternative concept of energy and a concern for fuel-efficiency in the minds of users.

By integrating these objectives into the programme, the introduction of improved cookstoves also establishes a foundation on which other developments can be built.

[top] [end]Programme characteristics and implementation

The programme implementation period was relatively short- only five months long, with three months in the field. In this time the following were accomplished:
  • formation of potters' working groups;
  • training for potters, including the use of new technologies for the preparation of raw materials, stove forming, and kiln technology;
  • trial production of SAE stoves;
  • information/awareness by user communities;
  • marketing and promotion of fuel-efficient cookstoves;
  • mass production of stoves;
  • development of co-operation with local NGOs and local government offices.

[top] [end]Editor's note

We look forward to publishing an evaluation of PUPT in a future edition of Boiling Point.

The use of coal in briquette form for domestic cooking seems likely to increase in various countries, particularly in southern Africa, as coal-mining is introduced to new areas.

Coal burned in a simple domestic stove will produce large amounts of harmful pollutants, depending on the quality of the cruel, the composition and form of the briquettes, and the design of the stove. Emissions are at their worst when the stove is first lit, and before the fuel reaches a temperature high enough for reasonably complete combustion. If the products of incomplete combustion remain in the kitchen, they will damage the health of the cook and her children If they are sent out of the chimney, they will pollute the local environment. In every case hey will contribute to global warming and acid rain effects. It is the job of stove technicians and lnstitutions to develop and promote the use of more efficient stoves to burn coal briquettes in the cleanest way possible, and to intensify the work being done on smoke removal from the kitchen by means of hoods, chimneys, and better kitchen design. Boiling Point welcomes articles or news about such technologies.

[top] [end]Contents: Boiling Point 34: Smoke Removal

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Smoke in the Kitchen - Any Stove Will Smoke if You Dont Use it Correctly - Acute Respiratory Infection, Conjunctivitis and Accidental Burns - Exposure to Air Pollution From Transitional Household Fuels In A South African Population - Smoke Removal in Kenya - Chinese Chimneys - Indoor Air Pollution in Rural Tigray - Removing Smoke from Nepali Kitchens - A Breath of Fresh Air for Smoky Houses - Vietnames Kitchens - Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Environmental Degradation - Indian Governments Stove Programme in Question - Cooking energy Efficiency in Indonesia - Phillipines Ricehull Stove - Stoves for Cafes and Food Stalls - Fuel from Three Stages of Pyrolysis - An Electric Metad - Crack Reduction in Clay Stoves

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