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Charcoal Programme of the Philippines National Electrification Administration - Summarised Report
[top] [end]ProgrammeThe programme has been primarily designed to support the NEA's TANGLAW Family Tree Farm Programme which seeks to establish ipil-ipil tree plantations of at least 100 hectares in every municipality.The objectives of the programme are generating additional income and to ipil-ipil tree farmers and charcoal as a fuel substitute. The programme employs a charcoal production technique patterned after the Brazilian Technology using brick beehive kilns; The kilns utilise bricks that are porous and heat resistant made from locally-available clay resources adopting the Bangladesh experience in brick manufacturing. A beehive kiln is built of 5000 bricks, 3 metres in diameter, 2.1 metres in height and dome-shaped. This type of kiln Provides higher yields and good quality charcoal. It is easy to construct and the level of skills required for construction and operation is readily available through informal training. A 3-metre diameter kiln has a production capacity of 1 tonne charcoal for every six days or 50 MT per year. It can handle 50 charges a year with a fuelwood requirement of about 500 stocked cubic metres or 200 MT. Approximately 10 hectares of ipil-ipil tree plantations are necessary to support the continuous operation of the kiln. The construction of one 3-metre diameter beehive kiln entails a cost of 7000.00 pesos. The NEA extends loans to Ipil-Ipil Tree Farmers Associations through the Electric Cooperatives at 7000 pesos per kiln payable to one year with an annual interest rate of 14%.
[top] [end]Programme ImplementationThe Charcoal Production Programme is being implemented at three levels: NEA, Electric Cooperatives (ECs) and the Family Tree Farm Project. The NEA extends assistance to the charcoal projects in marketing,.financial and technical aspects of operations.Institutional assistance is made available to the project. The training programmes in kiln construction, charcoal operation, brick production and management skills training mainly constitutes the NEA's institutional package. The EC is mainly responsible for the implementation of the programme at the provincial or area coverage level. Its sanctions include supervision in the instruction of kiln, charcoal marketing, financial and institutional assistance. Implementation at the project level is being handled by the Family Tree Farmers Association. Its responsibilities range from the construction of kilns, charcoal operation, overall project management to policy making through its Board of Directors. [top] [end]Training ProgrammeTo learn the technology, NEA has sent project supervisors to Brazil to undergo on-site training on beehive kiln ,instruction, operation and maintenance and Bangladesh as well for brick Manufacturing.About twenty training courses on charcoal and brick production have been conducted at several sites and have trained no less than 00 charcoal and brick technicians from various private organizations. [top] [end]Training CourseThe acquisition of necessary skills on kiln construction, operation and brick-making only requires a training duration of fifteen days. The first day involves a editure-discussion while on-the-job training which includes actual kiln construction, carbonization/firing and brickmaking is taught for the next fourteen days. The hands-on experience of the trainees is further supplemented by written manuals and Handouts.Each training course is usually attended by forty participants. This is divided into four groups consisting of ten participants per group. Each group is supervised directly by an experienced technician overseen by an overall charcoal/brick supervisor. The training staff ratio for a number of forty trainees normally requires four technicians and an overall training supervisor. Training is conducted in an area where harvestable ipil-ipil plantations are existing and at least a kiln has already been established. The existing plantations serve as a source of fuelwood while the constructed kiln is used during practical demonstrations on fuelwood loading, firing and carbonization. [top] [end]Programme StatusAs of December 1985, the NEA through the ECs has identified 1000 sites for the construction of charcoal kilns. Of this, 400 charcoal kilns have already been constructed.Direct beneficiaries of the programme are 4000 families who were organized into Tree Farmers Associations growing ipil-ipil wood for charcoal conversion. Editorial Note - We understand that there has recently been serious damage to the ipil ipil trees in the Philippines caused by aphid attacks. This may be the result of the monocultural nature of plantation growing as it has not been reported as a serious problem in other parts of the world where ipil ipil has been growing. [top] [end]Contents: Boiling Point 12: Alternative Fuels - One way to reduce woodfuel demand
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Page created:
17 September 2008; Last edited:
22 September 2008; Version: 0 | |||||||||
Pagename: BP12:CharcoalProgrammeOfThePhilippines @HEDON: JRNA | |||||||||
